C1 · Grammar

Cleft Sentences

"What I need is..." and "It was John who..." — splitting a sentence for emphasis.

Score: 0 / 10

1. ___ I need is a good night’s sleep.

2. ___ was John who broke the window.

3. What surprised me ___ how calm she stayed.

4. It was the manager ___ approved the budget.

5. ___ we need to discuss is the new schedule.

6. It ___ the weather that ruined our trip, not the traffic.

7. ___ she really wants is more free time.

8. It was in 2015 ___ they first met.

9. ___ annoys me most is his constant complaining.

10. It was because of the traffic ___ we were late.

Answer key — Cleft Sentences (C1)

  1. A — What. A wh-cleft starts with What + clause + is/was + focus: What I need is…
  2. B — It. An it-cleft: It was + focus + who/that + clause.
  3. B — was. The verb "be" links the wh-clause to the focused information: What surprised me was…
  4. A — who. An it-cleft with a person as focus uses who (or that).
  5. A — What. Wh-cleft: What we need to discuss is…
  6. B — was. It-cleft: It was the weather that…
  7. A — What. Wh-cleft: What she really wants is…
  8. B — that. An it-cleft focusing on time or place typically uses that.
  9. A — What. Wh-cleft: What annoys me most is…
  10. B — that. An it-cleft focusing on a reason typically uses that.

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